اوایل انقلاب نهادهایی شکل گرفت که در نوع خود بی نظیر بوده اند و الگوهای جدیدی از مدیریت در دنیا ارائه کردند. یکی از این نهادها جهاد_سازندگی بود.
جهاد سازندگی اوایل به صورت یک نهاد داوطلبانه در هر منطقه به میپرداخت. در این الگو عده ای از متخصصین منطقه دور هم جمع میشدند و برای مشکلات منطقه راه حل پیدا میکردند، بعد هم بودجه ی لازم برای اجرای ان راه حل را میگرفتند و دست به کار میشدند. در یک منطقه پل میساختند. در یک منطقه راه میساختند، در یک منطقه گندم کشاورزان را درو میکردند و …
این الگوی کار علی رغم اینکه معایبی داشت، چند ویژگی مهم داشت که آن را از سازمانهای دولتی متمایز میکند:
طراحی در منطقه: در جهاد سازندگی افرادی که در منطقه بودند و با مشکلات مردم آشنا بودند راه حل طراحی میکردند، نه اینکه کارها از تهران برنامه ریزی شود، در نتیجه مشکلات واقعی مردم حل میشد.
خودجوشی: در جهاد سازندگی افراد به زور آیین نامه و دستورالعمل فعالیت نمیکردند. هرکسی هر کجا مشکلی میدید که دغدغه اش را داشت شروع به کار میکرد.
چابکی و سرعت: در این الگو، تصمیمات در منطقه گرفته میشد و افراد این آزادی عمل را داشتند که در منطقه تصمیمات شان را اجرا کنند و تغییر دهند. نه اینکه منتظر بمانند تا در تهران پروژه ها تصویب شود.حتی گاهی بودجه بعد از اجرای پروژه پرداخت میشد.
توسعه_همه_جانبه: در این الگو، اعضای جهاد در میان مردم رفت و آمد داشتند و ناخودآگاه به همه ی جوانب زندگی مردم توجه داشتند (هر چند به لحاظ شرایط کشور، عمده فعالیت شان ساخت و ساز بود)، لذا وقتی پروژه ای طراحی میشد ناخودآگاه جوانب آن هم بررسی میشد تا اثرات منفی بر زندگی مردم نداشته باشد.
کم هزینه بودن: در این الگو به دلیل اینکه مردم به صورت داوطلبانه در پروژه ها مشارکت میکردند، هزینه ی انجام پروژه به شدت کاهش می یافت
این ویژگی ها جهاد را از دیگر سازمان ها متمایز میکرد و مردم هم احترام ویژه ای برای جهاد سازندگی ها قائل بودند و اعتماد زیادی به آنها داشتند.
بعدها برای ساماندهی جهاد سازندگی، آن را به یک وزارت خانه تبدیل نمودند. با تبدیل آن به وزارت خانه، به مرور کارایی اصلی اش را از دست داد.
به مرور چابکی اش را از دست داد و ضرورت یافت پروژه ها از یک سال قبل در سازمان برنامه و بودجه تصویب شوند. فعالیتهایش در زمینه ی کشاورزی و بعد هم منابع طبیعی محدود شد. و برای انجام پروژه ها ملزم شد مثل دیگر سازمان ها پیمانکار بگیرد و یا نقش پیمانکار دیگر سازمانها را بازی میکرد. دیگر این جهاد نه چالاک بود، نه منطقه ای و نه همه جانبه. بعدها با تلفیق آن با وزارت کشاورزی، به کلی استحاله شد.
جهاد سازندگی اول انقلاب الگویی بود که بایستی تکمیل میشد و معایب آن بر طرف میشد، نه اینکه در دستگاه اداری استحاله شود.
کتاب رسم_جهاد برخی تجربه های جهاد سازندگی را از زبان حسینعلی عظیمی بیان میکند.
اگر شما هم منبعی میشناسید که الگوهای این چنینی معرفی میکند، لطفا با من در میان بگذارید.
35 نظر در “جهاد سازندگی، الگویی موفق برای توسعه”
سلام
قانون برنامه بودجه مطابق ميل غربي ها و توسط غربزده ها 50 سال است كه سرنوشت كشور را بد رقم زده است . سازمان بي برنامه هم با جهادسازندگي مخالف بود . نهايتا لايحه نابودي اين نهاد مقدس را به مجلس بردند.
كار جهادسازندگي نياز به پشتوانه قوي قانوني دارد. . اميد است مجلس انقلابي دولت را مكلف به اقتصاد مردمي = جهادي = دانش بنيان نمايد. ان شاءالله
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